History and background of GDUFA:
- The one hundred twelfth congress of the United States of America at the second session on 3rd January, 2012, amended the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act to revise and extend the user-fee programs for prescription drugs and medical devices, to establish user-fee programs for generic drugs and biosimilars and for other purposes.
- This act may be cited as the “Food and Drug Administration Safety and Innovation Act”.
- The amendment is referred to as Generic Drug User Fee Amendments of 2012 (GDUFA).
- On July 9, 2012, the Generic Drug User Fee Amendments of 2012 (GDUFA) was signed into law.
- On Oct. 1, 2012, FDA implemented the Generic Drug User Fee Amendments of 2012 (GDUFA)
What is GDUFA and why was it implemented by FDA?
- GDUFA is Generic Drug User Fee Amendments of 2012 (GDUFA). GDUFA was implemented to speed the delivery of safe and effective generic drugs to the public and reduce costs to industry.
- Under GDUFA, certain facilities, sites, and organizations must self-identify and may be Subject to user fees.
- GDUFA requires industry to pay user fees, which will supplement the costs of reviewing generic drug applications and inspecting facilities.
- The money earned by FDA through GDUFA will help FDA to reduce a current backlog of pending applications, cut the average time required to review generic drug applications for safety, and increase risk- based inspections.
- GDUFA is designed to build on the success of the Prescription Drug User Fee Act (PDUFA). Over the past 20 years, PDUFA has ensured a more predictable, consistent, and streamlined premarket program for industry and helped speed access to new, safe and effective prescription drugs for patients.
- GDUFA will also enhance global supply chain safety by requiring that generic drug facilities and sites around the world self-identify.
The Facilities/ Entities/Sites/ Organizations which are not required
to pay annual facility fee -
- Generic entities that solely manufacture positron emission tomography (PET) drugs
- Clinical bioequivalence or bioavailability study sites
- In vitro bioequivalence testing or bioanalytical testing sites
- Active pharmaceutical ingredient (API)/finished dosage form (FDF) analytical testing sites
- Packagers and repackagers.
Penalty for failure to self-identify: All FDFs (Finished dosage forms) or
APIs (Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients) manufactured in the facility, and all
FDFs containing APIs manufactured in the facility will be deemed misbranded. This
means that it will be a violation of federal law to ship these products in
interstate commerce or to import them into the United States.
GDUFA Fees
As stated in the earlier
section of this post, user fees have to be paid by the industry to supplement costs
of reviewing generic drug applications and inspecting facilities.
The various types of GDUFA fees,
which were effective on October 1st 2012, are listed below-
Back log Fee- The ANDA, that has not been withdrawn,
which has been under review, got tentative approval, that was submitted as on September
28th, 2012 is considered for back log fee. The FDA calculated the
fee as $17,434.
DMF Fee- The Type II active
pharmaceutical ingredient (API) DMF that is referenced, on or after Oct. 1,
2012, in a generic drug submission by an initial letter of authorization (LOA) is
considered for DMF fee. The DMF fee For Year 2013 is calculated as $21,340. It is a one-time fee for each
individual DMF, incurred on first reference of the DMF on or after Oct. 1, 2012..
ANDA and PAS Fee- The ANDA which is filed with FDA on or after October 1st,
2012 is considered for ANDA fee. The ANDA fee for year 2013 is calculated as $51,520. PAS fee is considered for any approved ANDA for which Prior Approval
Supplement (PAS) [PAS is filed to notify and seek approval of FDA for any major
change in an approved ANDA] is filed. The PAS fee for year 2013 is calculated as $25,760.
The PAS fee is half the fee of new ANDA
FDA’s Refuse to File Policy with respect to
GDUFA
- GDUFA adds a new requirement to FDA’s existing refuse to receive policy with respect to payment of fees and the time of receipt of an ANDA.
- Failure to pay the fee for a DMF referenced in the ANDA within 20 calendar days of the date that FDA provides notification of that failure will result in the ANDA not being received.
- Failure to pay a facility fee for any facility referenced in the ANDA within 20 calendar days of the date that FDA provides notification of that failure will result in the ANDA not being received.
- If an application is substantially complete except for failure to pay the ANDA fee, or the failure to pay the facility fee within 20 days of notification, the application will be deemed received as of the date the fee is paid.
My Take on GDUFA:
The landmark
Hatch and Waxman act paved the way for fast track approval of generics in USA, which
resulted in large scale entry of generic players into the market over a period
of time. The presence of generics was
kind of, win-win situation for Government, Insurance companies and patients alike,
as generics resulted in saving billions of dollars to them.
The numbers of
ANDAs filed are rapidly growing, which were around 900 in the year 2011. The numbers
of ANDAs pending for review were about 2600 in the year 2011. So, obviously it made the
job tough for FDA. Hence, the fees earned will help the FDA to increase its
resources and expedite the approval process of ANDAs.
The GDUFA may superficially
seem to be burdensome for generic companies. However, for the generic companies
which are serious to have their ANDA approval in the fact track and gain market
share as soon as possible, the GDUFA is positive news.
Five years
down the line after implementation of GDUFA, the FDA has given commitment that,
it will review and act on 90 percent of complete electronic ANDAs within 10
months after the date of submission. This is fantastic news, as the generic
companies could get their ANDAs approved within 10 months of their filing for conventional
generic drugs.
References –
Cheers,
Rajesh Yelugoila
